How to design safety protection for elevator guide rail components
Information summary：The elevator guide rail is a key component that guides the vertical movement of the car and counterweight, and its safety protection design directly affects the stability, safety, and service life of the elevator operation. The safety protection design of elevator guide rail components needs to cover multiple dimensions such as anti derailment, anti wear, anti foreign object intrusion, emergency p
The elevator guide rail is a key component that guides the vertical movement of the car and counterweight, and its safety protection design directly affects the stability, safety, and service life of the elevator operation. The safety protection design of elevator guide rail components needs to cover multiple dimensions such as anti derailment, anti wear, anti foreign object intrusion, emergency protection, etc., as follows:
1、 Core protection objectives
Prevent the car/counterweight from detaching from the guide rail (to avoid falling or getting stuck);
Reduce excessive wear of guide rails and shoes (extend component life);
Block foreign objects from entering the gap between the guide rails (to avoid jamming faults);
Trigger safety mechanisms in abnormal situations (such as emergency braking in case of overspeed or unbalanced load).
2、 Specific safety protection design details
1. Structural protection design of the guide rail itself
Optimization of cross-sectional shape:
Elevator guide rails often adopt special cross-sections such as T-shaped and L-shaped (such as T75, T89, etc.), and their protruding "flange" structure forms an embedded fit with the guide shoes of the car/counterweight. The guide shoes wrap around both sides of the guide rail flange, structurally limiting the lateral displacement of the car/counterweight and preventing derailment.
For example, the vertical web of the T-shaped guide rail provides a guiding surface, while the horizontal flange provides lateral support for the guide shoe, forming a "slot type" constraint.
Material and strength guarantee:
The guide rail is usually made of high carbon steel (such as Q235, 55 # steel) that is cold-rolled or hot-rolled, and the surface is quenched (hardness ≥ 220HB) to ensure that it is not easily deformed or broken when subjected to the weight and impact load of the car for a long time, avoiding safety hazards caused by the failure of the guide rail itself.
2. Coordination and protection between guide shoes and rails
The guide shoe is a key component connecting the car/counterweight and the guide rail, and its design directly affects the protective effect of the guide rail:
Sealing and lubrication of sliding guide shoes:
The inner side of the sliding guide shoe made of rubber or nylon material is equipped with grooves, which can store lubricating oil and reduce dry friction with the guide rail; At the same time, the protruding structure at the edge of the guide shoe can prevent dust and debris from entering the gap between the guide rails, avoiding scratching the surface of the guide rails.
Limiting and buffering of rolling guide shoes:
The rolling guide shoes composed of roller groups are connected to the car through springs or rubber parts, which can reduce friction by rolling the rollers and limit lateral displacement through elastic buffering when the car shakes slightly, preventing the risk of derailment caused by hard collision between the rollers and the guide rails.
3. Anti derailment and emergency braking linkage design
Strictly control the spacing between guide rails:
During installation, the parallelism, perpendicularity, and spacing of the guide rails on both sides of the elevator car (such as a deviation of ≤ ± 1mm in the spacing between the elevator car guide rails) must comply with the national standard to ensure that the guide shoes are always in contact with the guide rails, avoiding the elevator car from tilting or getting stuck due to excessive spacing.
The synergistic effect of safety pliers and guide rails:
The safety clamp is a line of defense for the elevator. When the elevator exceeds the speed limit or loses control, the speed limiter triggers the action of the safety clamp. Its wedge-shaped clamp block will tightly clamp the flanges on both sides of the guide rail, and force the car to brake through friction. At this point, the guide rail needs to withstand a huge impact force, so the strength design of the guide rail needs to match the braking force of the safety caliper to prevent the guide rail from being cut or deformed.
4. Guide rail bracket and fixed protection
The guide rail is fixed to the wellbore wall through a bracket, and the design of the bracket needs to ensure the stability of the guide rail:
Rigidity and spacing of brackets:
The bracket is welded/bolted with angle steel or steel plate, with a spacing of usually ≤ 2.5m (≤ 1.5m for high-speed elevators), to ensure that the guide rail does not produce severe vibration or shaking during the operation of the car; The connection between the bracket and the guide rail is fastened with bolts to avoid loosening and causing the guide rail to shift.
Corrosion and rust prevention treatment:
The surface of the guide rail and bracket is galvanized or painted to prevent corrosion caused by the humid environment inside the shaft (corrosion will reduce the strength of the guide rail and increase friction resistance), especially in elevator shafts in basements and humid areas, where protection is more critical.
5. Design for foreign object protection and maintenance convenience
Sealing of the top and bottom of the guide rail:
Dust covers or baffles are usually installed at the top (near the machine room) and bottom (bottom pit) of the guide rail to prevent debris (such as screws, dust, tools) from falling in from the top or accumulating at the bottom, and to avoid jamming the guide shoes or scratching the guide rail.
Visual inspection of guide rail clearance:
Reserve inspection space during design to facilitate maintenance personnel to observe the fit between the guide rail and guide shoe through the maintenance channel in the shaft, and promptly clean up foreign objects, adjust gaps, or replace worn parts.
Phone Number：Panlixin 13706201799 Panliyong 13306238299
Service Hotline：0512-52468216
Company Address：Zhangjiaqiao, Xinzhuang Town, Changshu City
Technical Support：Lange chain enterprise
Ch
En
Add wechat
Contact us
Telephone